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Kinship is
formally defined as:
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A system of social organization between people who are or are
held to be biologically related or who are given the status of
relatives by marriage, adoption, or other ritual. Kinship is the
broad term for all the relationships that people are born into
or create later in life that are considered binding in the eyes
of society. Every person belongs to a family of orientation
(e.g., mother, father, brothers, and sisters); many adults also
belong to a family of procreation (which includes a spouse or
spouses and children). Familial bonds of descent and marriage
may be traced through a genealogy, a written or oral statement
of the names of individuals and their kin relations to one
another.
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We have our mother and father, of course, and our brothers and
sisters, and our children that make up our immediate family.
Beyond that, we include in our close family what we consider our
"blood kin" - our parents' parents (grandparents) and
siblings (uncles and aunts), -- and the children of our parents'
siblings: our first cousins.
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Beyond that,
things can get a little confusing when we start trying to figure out
how the kids of our grandparents' brothers and sisters (and their
kids) fit into the picture (first cousin, once removed and
second cousins, etc.), not to mention the great-grand uncles and
aunts' kids (first cousin twice-removed, second cousin once removed,
third cousin, etc.).
Fortunately, someone has
thoughtfully made up a chart that can help decipher these far-out
relationships for us.
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The following
family relationship diagram shows the relationship of each person to
the person in the orange box (you). Cousins are shown in green.
Another interesting aspect of this chart is that it shows the genetic
kinship degree of relationship (in normal circumstances), marked in
red boxes by a percentage (%).
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Here is a
little article that tries to explain the first, second, and third
cousin (etc.) thing and the difference between a second cousin and a
second cousin twice removed (etc.):
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What's
A
First-Cousin Twice-Removed?
'Removed'
indicates that the two people being compared are a different
number of generations away from their common ancestor.
The other part of the phrase, 'first cousin,' 'second cousin,'
'third cousin,' etc., describes the relationship of two people
who are/were in the same generation.
There is no 'removed' used for people with the same
grandparents. They are simply first cousins. Similarly, two
people whose first common ancestors are the same
great-grandparents are second cousins.
But, if John's grandmother is Mary, while that same Mary is
great-great-grandmother to Melissa, then John and Melissa are
'first cousins twice removed.' This is because you have to go
back two generations on Melissa's family tree to find the 'first
cousin' of John.
Put another way, Melissa's grandparent is first cousin to John,
so John and Melissa are 'first cousins twice removed.'
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Maybe this will
help in trying to make sense of the family tree information. So,
good luck and have fun figuring out how you (and everyone else) fit
into the family scheme!
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In case the
above chart doesn't clarify things for you, here is another view that
may help. |
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Cousins - how many
times removed
This chart is a cross-refererence
for determining the relationship between two people who have an
ancestor in common. To use it, select how one person is
related to the common ancestor on the top row and how the other is
related to the common ancestor on the left row. (see
example, below.)
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Common
Ancestor
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Son
(Daughter)
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Grandchild
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Great
Grandchild
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2nd
Great
Grandchild
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3rd
Great
Grandchild
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4th
Great
Grandchild
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5th
Great
Grandchild
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6th
Great
Grandchild
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7th
Great
Grandchild
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8th
Great
Grandchild
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Son
(Daughter)
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Brother
(Sister)
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Nephew
(Niece)
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Grand
Nephew
|
Great
Grand
Nephew
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2nd
Great
Grand
nephew
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3rd
Great
Grand
nephew
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4th
Great
Grand
nephew
|
5th
Great
Grand
nephew
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6th
Great
Grand
nephew
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7th
Great
Grand
nephew
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Grandchild
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Nephew
Niece
|
1(st)
Cousin
|
1 Cousin
1 Removed
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1 Cousin
2 Removed
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1 Cousin
3 Removed
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1 Cousin
4 Removed
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1 Cousin
5 Removed
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1 Cousin
6 Removed
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1 Cousin
7 Removed
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1 Cousin
8 Removed
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Great
Grandchild
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Grand
nephew
|
1 Cousin
1 Removed
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2(nd)
Cousin
|
2 Cousin
1 Removed
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2 Cousin
2 Removed
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2 Cousin
3 Removed
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2 Cousin
4 Removed
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2 Cousin
5 Removed
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2 Cousin
6 Removed
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2 Cousin
7 Removed
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2nd
Great
Grandchild
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Great
Grand
Nephew
|
1 Cousin
2 Removed
|
2 Cousin
1 Removed
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3(rd)
Cousin
|
3 Cousin
1 Removed
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3 Cousin
2 Removed
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3 Cousin
3 Removed
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3 Cousin
4 Removed
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3 Cousin
5 Removed
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3 Cousin
6 Removed
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3rd
Great
Grandchild
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2nd
Great
Grand
nephew
|
1 Cousin
3 Removed
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2 Cousin
2 Removed
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3 Cousin
1 Removed
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4(th)
Cousin
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4 Cousin
1 Removed
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4 Cousin
2 Removed
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4 Cousin
3 Removed
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4 Cousin
4 Removed
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4 Cousin
5 Removed
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4th
Great
Grandchild
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3rd
Great
Grand
nephew
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1 Cousin
4 Removed
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2 Cousin
3 Removed
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3 Cousin
3 Removed
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4 Cousin
1 Removed
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5(th)
Cousin
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5 Cousin
1 Removed
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5 Cousin
2 Removed
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5 Cousin
3 Removed
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5 Cousin
4 Removed
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5th
Great
Grandchild
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4th
Great
Grand
nephew
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1 Cousin
5 Removed
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2 Cousin
4 Removed
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3 Cousin
3 Removed
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4 Cousin
2 Removed
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5 Cousin
1 Removed
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6(th)
Cousin
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6 Cousin
1 Removed
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6 Cousin
2 Removed
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6 Cousin
3 Removed
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6th
Great
Grandchild
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5th
Great
Grand
nephew
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1 Cousin
6 Removed
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2 Cousin
5 Removed
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3 Cousin
4 Removed
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4 Cousin
3 Removed
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5 Cousin
2 Removed
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6 Cousin
1 Removed
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7(th)
Cousin
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7 Cousin
1 Removed
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7 Cousin
2 Removed
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7th
Great
Grandchild
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6th
Great
Grand
nephew
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1 Cousin
7 Removed
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2 Cousin
6 Removed
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3 Cousin
5 Removed
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4 Cousin
4 Removed
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5 Cousin
3 Removed
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6 Cousin
2 Removed
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7 Cousin
1 Removed
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8(th)
Cousin
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8 Cousin
1 Removed
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8th
Great
Grandchild
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7th
Great
Grand
nephew
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1 Cousin
8 Removed
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2 Cousin
7 Removed
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3 Cousin
6 Removed
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4 Cousin
5 Removed
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5 Cousin
4 Removed
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6 Cousin
3 Removed
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7 Cousin
2 Removed
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8 Cousin
1 Removed
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9(th)
Cousin
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Cousins - an
example
In this example, one person is a
4th great granddaughter (shown in blue) and the other is a 5th great grandson
(shown in yellow) of the
closest ancestor that they have in common. Going across the top for
the first person and down the side for the second person, we see that
they are fifth cousins, once removed (green box). |
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Common
Ancestor
|
Son
(Daughter)
|
Grandchild
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Great
Grandchild
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2nd
Great
Grandchild
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3rd
Great
Grandchild
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4th
Great
Grandchild
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5th
Great
Grandchild
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6th
Great
Grandchild
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7th
Great
Grandchild
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8th
Great
Grandchild
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Son
(Daughter)
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Brother
(Sister)
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Nephew
(Niece)
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Grand
Nephew
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Great
Grand
Nephew
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2nd
Great
Grand
nephew
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3rd
Great
Grand
nephew
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4th
Great
Grand
nephew
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5th
Great
Grand
nephew
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6th
Great
Grand
nephew
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7th
Great
Grand
nephew
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Grandchild
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Nephew
Niece
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1(st)
Cousin
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1
Cousin
1 Removed
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1
Cousin
2 Removed
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1
Cousin
3 Removed
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1
Cousin
4 Removed
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1
Cousin
5 Removed
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1
Cousin
6 Removed
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1
Cousin
7 Removed
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1
Cousin
8 Removed
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Great
Grandchild
|
Grand
nephew
|
1
Cousin
1 Removed
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2(nd)
Cousin
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2
Cousin
1 Removed
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2
Cousin
2 Removed
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2
Cousin
3 Removed
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2
Cousin
4 Removed
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2
Cousin
5 Removed
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2
Cousin
6 Removed
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2
Cousin
7 Removed
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2nd
Great
Grandchild
|
Great
Grand
Nephew
|
1
Cousin
2 Removed
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2
Cousin
1 Removed
|
3(rd)
Cousin
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3
Cousin
1 Removed
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3
Cousin
2 Removed
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3
Cousin
3 Removed
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3
Cousin
4 Removed
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3
Cousin
5 Removed
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3
Cousin
6 Removed
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3rd
Great
Grandchild
|
2nd
Great
Grand
nephew
|
1
Cousin
3 Removed
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2
Cousin
2 Removed
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3
Cousin
1 Removed
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4(th)
Cousin
|
4
Cousin
1 Removed
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4
Cousin
2 Removed
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4
Cousin
3 Removed
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4
Cousin
4 Removed
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4
Cousin
5 Removed
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4th
Great
Grandchild
|
3rd
Great
Grand
nephew
|
1
Cousin
4 Removed
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2
Cousin
3 Removed
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3
Cousin
3 Removed
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4
Cousin
1 Removed
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5(th)
Cousin
|
5
Cousin
1 Removed
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5
Cousin
2 Removed
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5
Cousin
3 Removed
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5
Cousin
4 Removed
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5th
Great
Grandchild
|
4th
Great
Grand
nephew
|
1
Cousin
5 Removed
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2
Cousin
4 Removed
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3
Cousin
3 Removed
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4
Cousin
2 Removed
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5
Cousin
1 Removed
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6(th)
Cousin
|
6
Cousin
1 Removed
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6
Cousin
2 Removed
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6
Cousin
3 Removed
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6th
Great
Grandchild
|
5th
Great
Grand
nephew
|
1
Cousin
6 Removed
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2
Cousin
5 Removed
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3
Cousin
4 Removed
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4
Cousin
3 Removed
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5
Cousin
2 Removed
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6
Cousin
1 Removed
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7(th)
Cousin
|
7
Cousin
1 Removed
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7
Cousin
2 Removed
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7th
Great
Grandchild
|
6th
Great
Grand
nephew
|
1
Cousin
7 Removed
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2
Cousin
6 Removed
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3
Cousin
5 Removed
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4
Cousin
4 Removed
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5
Cousin
3 Removed
|
6
Cousin
2 Removed
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7
Cousin
1 Removed
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8(th)
Cousin
|
8
Cousin
1 Removed
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8th
Great
Grandchild
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7th
Great
Grand
nephew
|
1
Cousin
8 Removed
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2
Cousin
7 Removed
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3
Cousin
6 Removed
|
4
Cousin
5 Removed
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5
Cousin
4 Removed
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6
Cousin
3 Removed
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7
Cousin
2 Removed
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8
Cousin
1 Removed
|
9(th)
Cousin
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